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Base64 is an encoding scheme that converts binary data into a string of ASCII characters using 64 printable characters (A–Z, a–z, 0–9, +, /). It is used to safely transmit binary data over text-based channels like email or URLs.
Base64 is used to embed images directly in HTML/CSS (data URIs), encode email attachments (MIME), store binary data in JSON, and transmit binary data over APIs that only accept text.
No. Base64 is encoding, not encryption. Anyone can instantly decode a Base64 string. Never use Base64 to hide sensitive data. Use proper encryption (AES, RSA) for security.
Base64 increases the size of data by approximately 33%. A 100 KB image becomes about 133 KB when Base64-encoded. This is a trade-off for the convenience of embedding binary data as text.
Standard Base64 uses '+' and '/' characters which have special meaning in URLs. Base64URL replaces '+' with '-' and '/' with '_', making it safe to use in URLs and filenames without encoding.